Your back is characterized by three smaller muscles: latisimus dorsi, rhomboids (upper/middle back), and erector spinae (lower back). These three muscles, along with smaller supporting muscles deep beneath the skin's surface, play a huge role in almost everything you do, from swinging a golf club to sitting at the dinner table.
Latisimus Dorsi: Run along the sides of your back and are most commonly called lats. Your lats help you extend, rotate, and pull your arms to your body (adduction), important in pulling activities such as rock climbing and rowing.
Rhomboids (Major and Minor): Compact muscles located a few inches down from the neck, between the spine and shoulder blades, referred to as the upper/middle back. The rhomboids' primary function is to retract, elevate and rotate the shoulder blades, which also helps you accomplish pulling activities such as starting a lawn mower or serving a tennis ball.
Erector Spinae: Runs along the lower part of the spine, hereafter referred to as the lower back. Your lower back supports your upper body, extending your spine and flexing it to either side, a part of almost every activity imaginable.
Below is a list of the most effective strength-training exercises for your back. Included with each exercise is the specific muscle group/s worked, a fitness instruction and thorough explanation of how to do each exercise, common mistakes you should avoid, and a list of alternate exercises that work the same muscle group. Also, to assure safety and effectiveness, those exercises that are advanced, that require the use of a weightlifting belt, or that require a spotter are so indicated.
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